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I'm a French lover of Indian cinema, but I'm also interested in literature, science, art, and reflection in general. This blog will reflect these tastes more or less!

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Vendredi 18 mai 2007 5 18 /05 /Mai /2007 00:12

2007-05-17_233011.png I've seen Khamoshi: a musical. Watching it has been like a revelation. Everything it says, everything it hints at, everything it suggests, because it cannot be said, I have avidly drunk as one drinks from a familiar well, knowing that the effect is exactly the well known effect one loves to feel. Sanjay Leela Bhansali is a poet, his poetry is in my eyes, in my ears, in my heart. What he says is less important as what he doesn't say, as in all poetry, and the flashes of beauty that he whispers are those that I remember from long ago, from life, from love, from the infinite resonances of the sea trying to recreate the earth. I believe that in that poem by Edgar Allen Poe called Annie, we can hear that beat, that dhadkan:  

But my heart it is brighter
Than all of the many
Stars in the sky,
For it sparkles with Annie--
It glows with the light
Of the love of my Annie--
With the thought of the light
Of the eyes of my Annie.

 There is also one called "Annabel Lee", whose name also evokes that of Annie in Khamoshi, and whose memory is linked to the sea (you can read it here). The wonder, the beauty, the magic, the delight: those ravishing feelings are all in this film. I won't tell the story

(Carla has a nice summary), but I want to concentrate on what it means for me and Bollywood. I think this way you will understand why I seem so moved.

Music, as we all know, is a language. Different from that of words, but definitely it says something, it tells us something. We listen to it because the musician who has created it wanted to impart a sense of something of his world to others. Listening to his music, we know this; we know he has been trying to express emotions, feelings, impressions, desires. They may be positive or negative, but they use this medium to reach us and the amazing property of music is that it transcends its own language. What it says carries the listener directly to that zone of interpretation where freedom reigns, where desire is alone at play. Well, naturally, it's going to be difficult to feel bubbly when listening to Shubert's "Death and the Maiden?" but what I mean is that music has means to speak to the heart in ways which only the individual listener could really recognise. There's an unutterable in music which I think is beyond the musician's intentions. And if music harmonises with what is best and most beautiful in humanity and the universe, it refers to these realities and becomes religious. Its language connects man to what transcends him, and one might hear in a poorly written piece, in an ordinarily played melody, voices which are made audible thanks to this poor medium.

Annie in Khamoshi is a witness to this transcendent voice: she has heard it flowing through her, her grandma Mariamma (Helen, the actress who has played in about 260 films!) has taught her this language belongs to us, because humanity needs to reach higher than the earth. She sings, but as she sings she speaks of a food and of a drink that our soul needs to eat and drink from. This food and drink flows from inside, and it flows from outside too, and it is of course love. There is moment in the moment when Annie faces her father, who has just learnt she is expecting a child from having "erred" with her dear Raj. He wants her to abort it. First she says it's against the commandments of the Church, but he reminds her that he has ceased to be a believer, that God is dead for him, that He doesn't listen to prayers. So she asks him: but I have this baby because of love: you do believe in love, don't you? The only proof that God exists is if He is love. This love which we need like food and drink of our very lives.

So the film is called Khamoshi, Silence. In one scene, Joseph, the father, who has always been made fun of because of his handicap, motions to Annie: trees are silent, the sun is silent! His idea is naturally that life can thrive and be full of meaning, even if it is without verbal language. And perhaps even: all life sings, and it doesn't need a voice. Lack of language doesn't mean dumbness or animality, as commonly thought. Lack of language isn't imbecility, rather it is Silence. And silence is often the unutterable, the unspeakable. Just as silent objects and silent life testify to a language that cannot totally be expressed through words, so deaf and dumb individuals testify to a kingdom of meaning to which they are more sensitive because of this deficiency in "normal" language skills. The same goes for blind people (Cf. the movie Black). You can get educated to this other language, as shows the scene when Raj, Annie's lover, wishes to be the one who will translate Joseph words in Church at the end of the film. His desire to translate is more than just to show that he has made the effort to integrate this special family: it is also a sign that he has started to understand that verbal language users can also learn from non-verbal users. That there is meaning beyond our words, that there is a meaningful darkness behind the clarity of our world of signs and symbols. That night is a source of meaning as much as day, and what the eyes of our intellect can grasp thanks to words and language must accept to be enriched by the chandni of silence shining inside our hearts, and eclipsed by the bright light of our human communication systems.

There is another language which is at the junction of darkness and light: the language of tears. Tears come when an understanding of the insufficiency of our human languages is felt and stops the self from responding adequately. They are our expression of this other language, the language of silence, the language of the unutterable within us. Tears have often been referred to as the presence of the divine in man, and their meaning interpreted as a testimony of a truth which is greater and beyond our human truths. And when Joseph and Flavy cry during their daughter's concert, even if they can't hear it, they too are saying something which even our words could not rightly express.

When I listen to Bollywood music, more often than not, it is music that explores a kingdom of meaning which I long for, which takes me back or forward in life, towards regions of fulfilment I am made aware of thanks to it. The musicality of the melodies, the inspired tones of the voices, the combination of the instruments, the rapid or slow rhythms, most of them speak to me about those feelings I would not really be able to word, but which are very real, very present.  A few days before watching Khamoshi, I was making precisely that sort of remark to myself while listening to O sanam O sanam (from album Jurm 2005): when the female voice launches into "Apne labo ki hashi"?, the beauty is so poignant that what else is there left for me than to shout, cry, and open my eyes wide in the dark to try and discern where it might come from?

Silence, invisibility, tears: the film is full of this allusiveness but it also blessedly full of very visible and audible beauties. Manisha Koirala, in N° 1, whose charming beauty, and feminine grace inundates the screen, but also Nana Patekar, whose handsome face and superb acting radiate too. Seema Biswas (of the fame of Water) delivers very well too, and I would like to underline how ravished I was with young Annie's character (Priya Parulekar), what a child's face! Another beauty of the film is its location, the coast of Goa, the ever-present Ocean, the sunsets, the lighthouse, the countryside. It has been said that the music is not very memorable, it's true. But the dances and the choreography are always successful, surprising, wonderfully blended in the story. So all in all, and despite a few commoner moments, a very lovely movie.


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Jeudi 10 mai 2007 4 10 /05 /Mai /2007 22:11

Like many of you, I have noticed this film has broken the record of length (600 weeks) in that cinema hall in Mumbai (link), and I had already been alerted some time ago by its 500 weeks’ record, so I too felt the urge to give my point of view. What’s its secret? Looking through the reviews and appreciations, I came across someone who said this:

"There is something in this film that always touches my heart. I don't know what it is. The dialogues, the acting and the songs are all very touching." ( link )

 

 

Touching, quite right. But no more than other films of the same vein, I thought. Somebody else pointed to the very good combination of qualities it displays: the actors’ chemistry, the witty dialogues, the galloping rhythm, the great selection of songs: all true, too. The guy whose name is on the Wikidpedia page for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Charles Taylor, underlined its special appeal for NRIs, and naturally even “RIs” would like a movie that stresses the need for traditions and roots in a fast-changing world. Many critics say that the originality of the story lies in the fact that the young girl is not snatched away from her family, as in many similar romances, but her lover is made to take her only with her father’s blessing, no matter the risks. This foreign-bred Hindustani thus puts to shame the native guys, proving that you can live far from home, but still uphold the essential home values.

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I wonder whether Adi Chopra hasn’t earned some of his success by instilling in his film a subtle mixture of machismo and reform, but made them pass as respect for the power of love on the one hand, and for Indian family traditions on the other. I’m not struck so much by the fact that Raj the happy prankster is rude and lazy, that he is the “spoilt brat” that critics describe him, but that he imposes all this on Simran under the cover of modernising her principles and preconceptions about men.

 


Now who’s Simran? An inexperienced Indian girl, raised in a “traditional” family (not so traditional I’d say, when we take into account her mother and their relationship), she’s full of very ordinary sapnõ, but she’s also a fascinating clown, that’s where her charm lies. Pity Raj hasn’t been able to spot that from the start! Well, there would have been no story then. She was probably phantasising an appreciative and delicate partner, serious-minded about family and children… What M. Chopra is saying is that she’ll have to broaden her mind! For him, she’s too much the well-brought up female who’s learnt to despise silly brats who think they’re the centre of the world, and hopes to ward them off with the right dose of ridiculing and contempt. In short, she’ll have to learn to sacrifice her ideal Prince to a not so ideal ordinary guy. What else will she be asked to sacrifice? Her principles, her strict values of right and wrong, and her self-assurance. She even decides to sacrifice her happiness at one stage, and even if this is done to enhance the spectator’s feeling of relief when she does earn the happiness that all girls get in such romances, I somehow think she’s being sacrificed (and Indian women in the bargain) to some degree of manipulation by our dear Adi. Well, this operation is complex. On the one hand, he’s trying to tell us that Indian women have to evolve. True, they have to; all this kow-towing to men’s rule must evolve. His method: have women accept they aren’t the shrines of virtue and purity that an age-old culture has decreed they are, because the result is that some women at least still believe that, and this maintains male supremacy.

  
 

But on the other hand, this necessary operation is done at the expense of a certain amount of femininity: Simran is the one who more than often has to adapt, to acknowledge she was wrong, ridiculous, and the story in this serious process tends to overlook her aspirations, her comic character, which is as much her as the shrew she is made to represent, and that Raj has the job to tame. Raj is not that “badmash”, conceded. He does sometimes acknowledge that his tricks have gone too far, he does say sorry when absolutely necessary, and he has indeed this sense of duty (some critics want to call it honour) which brings him the forgiveness of a charmed audience. But he doesn’t need to adapt, fundamentally, he’s all right. That’s what Aditya Chopra tells us. Here’s Raj's technique: shock first, and then obtain the forgiveness which everyone (including ourselves) is only too willing to give him. He’s still young, and so charming, isn’t he? Oh, he is serious about one thing: love. That’s what he declares at least.

  

 Because in DDLJ, as in so many other BW movies (and love-stories in general), love is said to be “pagal”, “diwana”, i.e. crazy. The only thing lovers are serious about is something they recognise as crazy. This is a very common romantic notion, but I wonder again whether it has not been slightly twisted here. I wonder if for Aditya Chopra, the message isn’t this one: women have to understand men’s attitudes towards them: men don’t love women the way women would intuitively like to be loved. Now DDLJ is a man’s film, so this position (if it’s true) is rather machistic, isn’t it? I would certainly go along with the fact that women in some types of cultures (the Indian one among them, probably) have been led to think and live according to a series of values imposed on them by a male-dominated rule, and they have found certain correspondences between this elevated position and their own need for protection and comfort. So it’s good (says the Adi doctrine) to break some of this rule to give back to women a little of the freedom they lost in the process. But if this done at the expense of feminine values (I’m thinking about a certain type of serious-mindedness) and without women themselves intervening, one might question the purity of the intentions. So love is serious, OK, but women love too, and their type of love doesn’t necessarily correspond to the one men would like them to have for them. 

Simran does truly love Raj, there’s no questioning that. He may be a prankster, a liar, but she has felt he was fun, and that he matches her need for fun and the breaking of (some) rules. That’s Raj’s victory: he’s managed to make her understand that it’s going to be good to live with him, that this crazy love is the real love that makes life worth living and makes one enjoy it afresh. This folly indeed is very serious, since it is at the basis of society. Yet I still believe that Aditya Chopra has partly passed Raj’s fooling as this necessary folly of love, whereas in fact they are two distinct things, and womanly serious-mindedness gets jolted in the process. (Well, let’s be honest, it perhaps doesn’t suffer too much from the jolt!) undefined


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Dimanche 25 février 2007 7 25 /02 /Fév /2007 18:36
This 1997 film, compared to the one I’ve spoken about previously, will be my example of what is NOT so good about Bollywood. Careful: there are many  films in Bolly, but well, I’ve just seen that one again.
 
 
It starts rather well, with Alok Nath, Amrish Puri as strong values, and the delightful Indian family in which Ganga (Mahima Chaudhary, in the prime of her beauty) shines like the moon in the summer sky (intentional masala metaphor ;-) (but true enough!). Then we have the sorry subplot with other rich Indian family who wanted to lay hands on Ganga; the hairy-chested, weight-lifting heir and prospective husband doesn’t reach the amusing level. His father is also something. Then the vulgar Ranjiv (Apoorva Agnihotri) is a sore spot, because he never achieves any convincing composition as the spoilt young American-Indian brat. What are we left with? SRK as Arjun doesn’t really do his best, he’s there, but rather nonchalantly. Obviously the film-maker (Subhash Ghai) has trusted him too much, and has not pushed him about too much. Mahima Choudhary for me is the one who does her best to perform: it was her first real role, so she puts in her maximum, which is not always very successful, but considering, it’s not bad at all.
 
 
What goes wrong, apart from the acting? Critics have lampooned the picture of American NRIs, which indeed is not really well done, they’re all (almost – there’s Kishorilal’s mum who’s the voice of wisdom) as bad as can be, and contrary to those in Aa ablaut chalen, no sense of a community exudes from them. They’re not even very bad, they’re just made to look bad, and we don’t believe in their badness (only Amrish Puri is rather convincing). Of course, I suppose I can be that harsh because I know that all Americans are not like what the film shows them to be, materialistic and vulgar. I am probably wrong sometimes when I marvel at or dislike Indian things, not knowing the context very well. But here, the anti-Americanism is just silly. And Indian nationalism has known better advocates. See Swades for example.  
 
The singing and dancing is all right, I suppose… A little stilted perhaps. There are some good tunes, but nothing that I found worthy to record and keep. Sorry!
 
 
The biggest problem that I see in this type of film is lack of purpose. Love stories can be the best of stories if they are told and shown with the desire to explore the way individuals are confronted to this reality. But such an intention needs a careful evaluation of the subtleties needed to make the situation interesting to follow, and a conscious assessment of what actors do and don’t do. In Pardes, everything is much too predictable, much too exaggerated, too one-sided. Where are the indispensable nuances which the spectator is looking for if he wants to identify with the characters? Why does SRK have to play the role of his brother’s advocate? It hardly makes any sense. And that reversal of the father’s position in the end: how many times have we seen that? Such a “happy end” is sickening.

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Jeudi 22 février 2007 4 22 /02 /Fév /2007 18:49
I've seen this 1999 melodrama once again, and thought that it was worth a little commentary. Critics have not always appreciated it at its true worth, it seems to me: (Planet Bollywood link) and (Rediff on the Net Link) I will say why in a minute. What struck me this time is its true Bollywood touch: that mixture of romance, freshness, humour and optimism, joined with a nice story and pleasant community atmosphere.
 
 
Here's the story: Roshan (Akshaye Khanna), an unemployed Indian graduate leaves his native country for the US, where he hopes to make money, just like his father had done 20 years before, but in bad temper, and died in an accident. At his arrival in NY, he finds himself by a little Hindu community (Kader Khan, Jaspal Bhatti, Satish Kaushik) who lives poorly but with dignity in an uptown district. They give him a taxi to drive, and this way he saves Pooja (Aishwarya Rai) from a selfish brother who wanted her to marry his boss so he could get a promotion (agreed, this is not very realistic). She too is accepted in the friends' house. They soon find jobs, and their relationship evolves: she likes him? a lot, but he's still got his mind fixed on his project: earn the money he's come to the US to get. He therefore sets out to look for an NRI girl, who'll secure him the green card he needs, and soon enough we are confronted to Loveleen (Suman Ranganathan), whose main role is to serve as rival to Pooja. Rohan rejects Pooja, who finds work as company-keeper in a rich man's house, while he is led to discover the sordid underground of easy money, drugs and sleaze in which Loveleen evolves.
All this soon disgusts him, and he sets out to find Pooja and beg her forgiveness. But Pooja's protector (whom we learn has old pains to soothe), touched by her good nature (she is several times called an angel - and there is another angel in the person of PC Jack Patel, - a model of successful integration - he's always there at the right moment!) has decided to marry her to his depraved son, whom we have already seen in Loveleen's company. The bad son refuses the match, but is soon forced to accept, because he is pressed for money. But Rohan manages to bring back his Pooja to him. One last event lies waiting: it is revealed that Pooja's employer is Rohan's long lost father, who didn't die in that accident. Rohan has trouble swallowing this, but some twists in the story enable the film to end well (the bad son even denounces his drug-dealing gang and follows the India-bound party!). See here for another review included in an interesting description of a Westerner?s comments on Indian films.
 
The film could be brushed aside as a sentimental comedy which is badly crafted because it mixes several genres which don't unite harmoniously. Indeed, on top of the love-story, the nationalistic strain (the call for Hindi-Pakistani friendship) is there alongside the family theme of parents needing to be respected by their children. But if you allow your need for structure and realism to be superseded by fun and emotionality (can be done sometimes), what you have is a delightful selection of optimistic and charming scenes, in which friendship, solidarity, honesty and hope play together to create a really pleasant spectacle. There is also a lot of humour, which in part is the rationale behind some of the film's inconsistencies. One especially light-hearted scene is the dancing and playing which serves as background for the (very melodious) song Mera dil tera deewana. Aishwarya's fooling is particularly well done, and worthy of any Hollywood Golden age comedy musical. On the whole, she plays rather well, too. What we read about her inexperience and average talent is here contradicted by a pretty piece of acting. She doesn't transcend her role, for sure, but this bit definitely shows a freedom and a playfulness which was already promising (she was 26 then).
 
 
Akshaye Khanna does a good job too, in general, even if, as for his beautiful counterpart, one is more interested in his charming allure and twinkling eyes than any profound or meaningful acting. But the film doesn't have a very important message to deliver. It's mostly a pleasant entertainment The best acting comes from the two cronies, the Sader-Iqbal (Kader Khan and Jaspal Bhatti) pair who steal the show when they quarrel and dream about their young charges' future. They are the soul of the community, its two fathers and one of the most friendly creations of Indian Cinema I have met. Their adoptive son Rohan is our intermediary to reach out to them and thank all such expats throughout the world who keep alive the Indian spirit of hospitality and solidarity. Their humour is contagious!
Now, why didn't the critics cited above enjoy this story, which is in fact a sort of modern-age fable? Because I think they took it too seriously. There is no artistic depth in this film apart from the intention of giving pleasure and joy to spectators with a sentimental love-story cum family reunion. If you look further than that, yes, the film is disappointing.
So all in all, I'd say, Aa ab laut chalen is a little jewel of comedy and light-heartedness for those who don't mind smiling at simplified naivety because the child in their heart is still there. And, as an adult, recognizing such values as honesty, purity and forgiveness as essentials not only between people but also between the nations of the world, is not such an escapist purpose.
 

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Dimanche 4 février 2007 7 04 /02 /Fév /2007 18:59
                       
Everybody is talking about it… Or rather, was talking about it, and well, I’ve seen that movie too! It’s a good movie. In fact, very good in a non-Bollywood sense, because it’s good in terms of Western criteria: the subject, the rhythm, the acting, the unity of purpose. And very little songs and dance. The biography of a popular hero who stirs up the jealousy of wealthy and well-established magnates: a good recipe for success. Abhishek and Aishwarya play very well, master director Mani Ratnam is at one with his technique, everything is under control. We follow the conflict opposing the young self-made businessman to the older lions of the trade just as if we were watching an episode of the Godfather. The standard rivalry of the new and old generations.
So that’s the problem: must Bollywood seek fame and success by doing (good) Hollywood-like movies? Hollywood is naturally a reference when it comes to story-telling. A good film is very often a good story, a good scenario, with a sense of rhythm and drama which can grip the spectator. But, as I write all this, I’m telling myself: surely, it’s the same for Bollywood, no? Good story, good action, good acting: where’s the difference? Ah, a good Bollywood movie is often a musical, full of dance and colours, and deals perhaps with a more limited number of themes? Yes and no. Anyhow it certainly needs to stick to its values, to its traditions in order to remain what it is. Because that’s the challenge: create and inspire while not forgetting the roots. If Bollywood forgets its Indian audience and references, and tries to do too much like American movies, even good ones, it runs the risk of losing its special appeal. And some of its soul.
The challenge is to blend the lovely show full of life and music, with its conquering spirit, and the expressive style of realism which spectators of the world like to find in movies. This conviction that the film has brought together entertainment and a vision of reality, a message. And this applies to imaginative films too: there is such a thing as psychological realism which spectators have learned to appreciate, and it’s more and more difficult to make films in which the spectator is asked to suspend that type of disbelief. Even in imaginative or non-realistic films, he enjoys the poetry, the creativity, to be on a realistic level. The film must be justified aesthetically. For example, such a film as Paheli (Imdb link) tries to do that, up to certain extent, in spite of its shortcomings. But more social films do that as well, for example Kabhi alvida naa kehna (Imdb link). 
There is one main element that remains Bollywoodian in Guru: the appeal to Indian pride, to Indian nationalism, even. There is of course a dark side to that sort of appeal, but as in Swades, the story of the young expat who comes back to his own country to develop it cannot be criticised. That sort of decision is fundamentally courageous and right. All the more so as it mixes a realistic combination of sound ambition and not so pure bullying and ego-cult. It is clear that Mani Ratnam doesn’t follow Gurukant Desai all the way, and points to the limits of such power and ambition.

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Lundi 15 janvier 2007 1 15 /01 /Jan /2007 23:52

 

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I'm a recent Bollywood fan, and I know next to nothing about oldies! I'm sure there are treasures there, but for me they're still to be unearthed... Please if some of you have suggestions, don't hesitate!

So... Best Bolly film? Why not Monsoon Wedding? In that film, I appreciated almost everything: the acting, the filming, the story, the perspective on Indian culture and practices, the humour, the realistic Delhi shots. There was next to no concessions to facile effects, and on the contrary a lot of intelligence and tact as concerns the issue of education and marriage. These questions are so often dealt with in a gross manner that it's important to note the difference here.

By gross, I mean not only distasteful, but also without depth. Anybody who has seen Bollywood films realises how crucial the question of education is: what are boys and girls told about the realities (I'm tempted to say: the real realities) of the other sex? In this film we see a father (Naseeruddin Shah, excellent) defend his daughter against his brother whom he suspects of paedophilia, and face the expectant looks of the stunned family around him. That sort of scene deserves more than praise, I think. It'll take more than cinema to change male-dominated practices, I'm sure, but what is suggested here is that the essence of the person is more important than family ties and money. Because we can imagine that by exposing his rich brother who was offering to pay for his daughter's studies in, this father (and the daughter, who summoned enough courage to start the scandal) loses this unique possibility.

Monsoon Wedding is not the first film to address the question of forgiveness and open-mindedness concerning past mistakes of one (or two) of the promised ones. What is shown in this film (the scene of the avowal followed by the reconciliation, even if the latter is too precipitated) is the victory of actual love over sentimental infatuation. True, Aditi (Vasundhara Das) falls for Hemant (Parvin Dabas) too fast: the night before she was in another man’s embrace. But after all, this is , and she knows that she will have to abandon the lover for the chosen husband. She is prepared to be married against her will, and suddenly a few words change her heart: she is accepted as she is, defiled, some would say, because she has not waited for her husband. Condemned because she has loved with body and soul. One might say she is responsible in part, but one might also forgive, and look towards the future. That's what Mira Nair suggests.

Another beautiful story is that which brings together the party organiser and the little maid. She rises and he stoops, she dreams and he apologises, and then there is this amazing scene in which he offers his heart in front of a ludicrous stand full of lights and flowers (perhaps all this has a cultural meaning that escapes me, but I found it just "too much", but precisely, it was the right quantity, because there is never too much love).


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